State Religion Relations in Halal Product Assurance Legislation in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/al-iktisab.v10i2.33Keywords:
State Religion, Halal Product , Assurance, Legislation, IndonesiaAbstract
The growth of the global halal industry has prompted Indonesia to reform its halal product assurance system, particularly the governance of halal certification. Before the enactment of Law No. 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance, halal certification conducted by the Assessment Institute for Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics of the Indonesian Ulema Council (LPPOM MUI) was based on religious rulings that did not have binding force as public law. The law marked a significant step in incorporating MUI fatwas into the national legal system, shifting halal certification from a voluntary to a mandatory scheme. This change raised questions about the relationship between religion and the state, particularly concerning the incorporation of religious norms into positive law and the distribution of authority between MUI and the Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH). This study examines the formalization of MUI fatwas in halal product assurance legislation and its legal implications for the distribution of authority between MUI and BPJPH. It employs normative legal research using statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using content analysis to examine relevant legal norms, regulations, and fatwas. The findings indicate that formalizing MUI fatwas does not transfer MUI’s substantive authority to determine product halal status. Instead, it restructures the relationship between religious and state authorities through a symbiotic division of responsibilities. MUI retains its role in determining halal status through fatwas, while BPJPH administers halal certification. This institutional arrangement strengthens legal certainty, consumer protection, and the development of Indonesia’s halal industry. However, legal certainty in practice depends on clear coordination among MUI, BPJPH, Halal Inspection Agency (LPH), and other relevant government institutions. Accordingly, this study recommends establishing integrated standard operating procedures, clarifying the supervisory mechanisms of Halal Product Assurance Supervisors, and strengthening the provisions governing sanctions.
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